Soft gamma repeaters outside the Local group

We propose that the best sites to search for SGRs outside the Local group are galaxies with active massive star formation. Different possibilities to observe SGR activity from these sites are discussed. In particular we searched for giant flares from nearby galaxies ($\sim 2$ -- 4 Mpc) M82, M83, NGC 253, and NGC 4945 in the BATSE data. No candidates alike giant SGR flares were found. The absence of such detections implies that the rate of giant flares with energy release in the initial spike above $0.5 \cdot 10^{44}$ erg is less then 1/25 yr$^{-1}$ in our Galaxy. However, hyperflares similar to the one of 27 December 2004 can be observed from larger distances. Nevertheless, we do not see any significant excess of short GRBs from the Virgo galaxy cluster and from galaxies Arp 299 and NGC 3256 with extremely high star formation rate. This implies that the galactic rate of hyperflares with energy release $\sim 10^{46}$ erg is less than $\sim 10^{-3}$ yr$^{-1}$. With this constraint the fraction of possible extragalactic SGR hyperflares among BATSE short GRBs should not exceed few percents. We present a list of short GRBs coincident with galaxies mentioned above, and discuss the possibility that some of them are SGR giant flares. We propose that the best target for observations of extragalactic SGR flares by {\it Swift} is the Virgo cluster.Comment: 14 pages with 3 figures; accepted to MNRAS (final version

Growing Hair on the extremal BTZBTZ black hole

We show that the nonlinear $\sigma-$model in an asymptotically $AdS_3$ space-time admits a novel local symmetry. The field action is assumed to be quartic in the nonlinear $\sigma-$model fields and minimally coupled to gravity. The local symmetry transformation simultaneously twists the nonlinear $\sigma-$model fields and changes the space-time metric, and it can be used to map an extremal $BTZ$ black hole to infinitely many hairy black hole solutions.Comment: 11 pages, 1 figure, minor corrections include

How Politically Diverse Are the Social Sciences and Humanities? Survey Evidence from Six Fields

In Spring 2003, a large-scale survey of American academics was conducted using academic association membership lists from six fields: Anthropology, Economics, History, Philosophy (political and legal), Political Science, and Sociology. This paper focuses on one question: To which political party have the candidates you’ve voted for in the past ten years mostly belonged? The question was answered by 96.4 percent of academic respondents. The results show that the faculty is heavily skewed towards voting Democratic. The most lopsided fields surveyed are Anthropology with a D to R ratio of 30.2 to 1, and Sociology with 28.0 to 1. The least lopsided is Economics with 3.0 to 1. After Economics, the least lopsided is Political Science with 6.7 to 1. The average of the six ratios by field is about 15 to 1. Our analysis and related research suggest that for the the social sciences and humanities overall, a “one-big-pool” ratio of 7 to 1 is a safe lower-bound estimate, and 8 to 1 or 9 to 1 are reasonable point estimates. Thus, the social sciences and humanities are dominated by Democrats. There is little ideological diversity. We discuss Stephen Balch’s “property rights” proposal to help remedy the situation.academia; diversity; Democratic; Republican; voting; political parties